Active Vacancies
Current job openings that are advertised on the MYFutureJobs Portal, with a maximum duration of 30 days period.
Active Jobseekers
Individuals who have formally registered on the MYFutureJobs Portal and demonstrated ongoing engagement within the platform over the preceding six months. Active participation involves consistent utilisation of the portal's features, indicating a sustained effort and commitment to the job-seeking process within the specified timeframe.
Administrative Data
Administrative data constitutes systematically gathered information collected by organisations, be it government or private institutions, as an essential component of their routine operations. This encompasses data derived from the daily functioning of the entity, encompassing activities like registrations, transactions, and various interactions
Active Labour Market Policy
Active labour market policy refers to a set of intentional government interventions and initiatives designed to actively influence and improve conditions within the labour market, in which to facilitate the sustained engagement of individuals or organizations in the labour market.
Source: https://www.euro.centre.org/domains/active-labour-market-policy
Achievement by Target
Successful attainment or accomplishment of predetermined goals or objectives
Big Data
A massive volume of structured and unstructured data generated by varios sources at a high velocity, in which can be characterized by its size, complexity, and the speed at which it is produced.
Source: https://www.oracle.com/my/big-data/what-is-big-data/
Critical Occupation List (COL)
A list of occupations or professions in demand which is deemed crucial or essential for a country's economic development or other strategic priorities. It identifies the unadequate suplly of skilled workers or skills imbalance that vary by country and context; e.g., in Malaysia, the COL is monitored across 18 economic sectors.
Source: https://www.talentcorp.com.my/initiatives/malaysia-critical-occupations-list-mycol
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Measures the changes overtime in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The amount of money required to buy the same amount of good or services from one period to one period.
Source: https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/article/cpi-capsule
Census
A statistical survey conducted on the full set of economic units belonging to a given population with the aims to provide comprehensive and accurate snapshot of the populations and its characteristics.
Source: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/
Contributions Qualifying Conditions
The minimum number of contributions required for eligibility to obtain the benefits
Contract of Service
Any agreement, whether written or verbal, where one party (the employer) agrees to employ another party (the employee), and the employee agrees to serve the employer. In such a contract, the employer typically exercises control over the work performed by the employee, including aspects such as the tasks to be completed, working hours, and work location. This type of contract establishes a formal relationship between the employer and the employee, outlining rights, responsibilities, and obligations for both parties.
Contract for Service
The contract for service outlines the terms of the agreement between the service provider and the client, including the scope of work, payment terms, deliverables, and any other relevant terms and conditions. In this type of arrangement, the individual provides services to a client or organization in exchange for a fee or payment, but they are not considered an employee of the client or organization.
Discouraged workers
People who want to work but are not actively seeking employment because they believe there are no suitable job opportunities available to them. Eventually, this group would be categorised under outside labour force.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Deflation
A general decrease in prices across the entire economy and for a period of time.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Decent Work
Productive work in which rights are protected, generating a sufficient wage and providing sufficient social safety.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Demographics
The characteristics of the population, such as wealth, age, and race.
Digital Job
Any occupation primarily focused on utilising digital technology, tools, or platforms to perform tasks, communicate, create, or manage information. These jobs often require skills in areas such as programming, data analysis, digital marketing, web development, or graphic design.
Source: https://www.cantellotayler.com/what-is-a-digital-job/
Employment
All persons who, at any time during the reference week worked at least one hour for pay, profit or family gain (as an employer, employee, own account worker or unpaid family worker).
Employers
Employers who contributed to the Employees' Social Security Act 1969 and or Employment Insurance System Act 2017
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/our-services/employer-employee/employer-registration.html
Employees
Employees who contributed and covered under Employee's Social Security Act 1969 and or Employment Insurance System Act 2017
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/our-services/protection/pekerja-bermajikan.html
Establishment
An enterprise, or part of an enterprise, that is situated in a single location and in which only a single (non-ancillary) productive activity is carried out or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added.
Employment elasticity
A quantitative indicator of the variation between employment growth and output growth
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Early Re-employment Allowance (ERA)
A financial reward for Job Search Allowance (JSA) beneficiaries who are reemployed while still receiving JSA
Education Attainment
The highest level at which an individual has finished their formal education or is presently enrolled in a public or private educational institution
Employement Injury Scheme (HUK & HUS)
Provide protection to employees who suffer from work-related injuries or illnesses. Temporary Disablement (HUS) refers to employees who are temporary disabled due to work-related injuries or illnesses. Temporary Disablement Benefit is paid for the period the employee is on medical leave certified by a doctor for not less than 4 days including the day of accident.Permanent Disablement (HUK), on the other hand, refers to the employees who are permanently disabled and the assessment and payment claims will be referred to the Medical Board for permanent disability assessment.
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/our-services/protection/employment-injury-scheme.html
Employment Insurance System (EIS/SIP)
Refers to the Insured Person (IP) who receives income replacement due to job loss and interest in returning to work.
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/our-services/protection/employment-insurance.html
Frictional Unemployment
A type of unemployment (transitory unemployent) where these people are unemployed due to transitioning between jobs.
Source: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/frictional-unemployment
Full Employment
People who are available and seeking employment able to secure jobs at agreed remuneration rates and economics conditions. Full employment is not similar to zero unemployment due to some degree of seasonal and frictional employment existance.
Future of Work
The change in working ways influenced by technology, generational, and societal changes in the future.
Source: https://www.gartner.com/en/human-resources/glossary/future-of-work
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Total value of all goods and services produced in a certain period after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the process of production. There are 3 types of approach made through : production, expenditure & income
Source: https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/glossary?alphabet=G&page=3&per-page=5
Gender gap
Describes the structural disparities between men's and women's social and economic responsibilities and incomes in the context of economic inequality.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Green jobs
Decent jobs that minimise waste and pollution, restrict greenhouse gas emissions, save and rebuild ecosystems, and using less energy and raw materials.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Graduates
Refers to the person who has completed at least two years of study at a university, college, polytechnic, recognized body, or an equivalent, and who has earned the highest certificate.
Gig Economy
An economy characterised by flexible and temporary jobs, where companies hire freelancers and/or independent contractors as opposed to full-time employees, and matching businesses and consumers through digital platforms.
Human development index
A quantitative measurement based onthree fundamental dimensions of human development;a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent standard of living.
Household Income
Total earnings received by all members of a household over a specific period, typically on a yearly basis.
Hiring Incentives
Incentives provided to employers to encourage job creations and reduce unemployment among locals
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/bajet-2022-old/jaminkerja-insentif-penggajian.html
Hard Skills
Specific, teachable, and measurable abilities or knowledge that can be quantified and assessed
Source: https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/TVETipedia+Glossary/lang=en/filt=all/id=603
Industry
Categories of economic activities characterised by the production of goods or the provision of services that are related to each other
informal sector
An establishment that is not registered with SSM or any professional bodies and operating at a small scale with no division of capital and labour.
Informal employment
A type of employment who lack access to social security scheme and employment protection rights and usually working outside formal economy.
Insured Persons
Persons who are actively contributing with PERKESO under Employees' Social Security Act 1969 (Act 4) or Self-Employment Social Security Act 2017 (Act 789) or Employment Insurance System Act 2017 (Act 800) or Housewives' Social Security Act 2022 (Act 838)
Invalidity Scheme (ILAT)
The type of disability benefits to employees (Insured Person) who become permanently disabled due to work-related injuries or illnesses.
Jamin Kerja
A special grant aims to encourage hiring by offering employers financial incentives or benefits to recruit jobseekers from specific demographics. This initiative concludes in the year 2022.
Jobseekers
Individuals who are actively looking for job opportunities. These are people who are not currently employed and are seeking work, either because they are entering the job market for the first time, have recently lost their jobs, or are looking to change their current employment situation. In SOCSO, it can be Employment Information System (EIS) beneficiaries, general jobseekers, graduates, disabled jobseekers, jobseekers registered with MYFutureJobs portal, and jobseekers registered and attended career fairs organized by SOCSO who intend to search for work or looking for new job opportunities.
Job Offer
Job Offer refers to total number of openings for the advertised position.
Job Search Allowance (JSA)
A type of allowance granted to PERKESO eligible Insured Person who apply for loss of employment and in the midst of seeking new employment.
Knowledge-based economy
An economic system in which the production of goods & services is generated through knowledge-intensive activities (technical and scientific innovation).
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Knowledge-based_economy
Labor Force
Refer to the population in the working age group (15 to 64 years) who are either employed or actively seeking employment.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Labour_force
Loss of Employment (LOE)
Refer to a person who loss the job and reported loss of employment to apply for unemployment benefits application under Employment Insurance System Act 2017(Act 800)
Source: https://eis.perkeso.gov.my/eisportal/insured/appl/instruction
Labour Force Participation Rate
The labor force participation rate is a key economic indicator that measures the proportion of the working-age population who are either employed or actively seeking employment. It is calculated as the ratio of the labor force (those employed or actively seeking employment) to the working-age population, expressed as a percentage: Labour Force Participation Rate = (Labour Force/Working-Age Population) * 100
Source: https://data.oecd.org/emp/labour-force-participation-rate.htm
Labor Market Information (LMI)
Labour Market Information (LMI) refers to data and insights about the labor market, including information about employment and the workforce and other relevant factors. It provides a comprehensive view of the conditions and dynamics within the labor market, helping policymakers, businesses,individuals, etc make informed decisions.
Source: https://dss.mo.gov/skillup-provider-portal/docs/labor-market-information.pdf
Layoff
Layoff refers to the temporary or permanent termination of a service contract due to factors such as business downturns, organizational restructuring, economic challenges, or changes in the demand for certain skills or services.
Labour productivity
Labour productivity refers to how much output or work is produced by each worker when given certain amount of time to accomplish the work or task. It's a measure of how efficiently workers are using their time and effort to create goods or services. Represented by the total volume of output (measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product) achieved per unit of labour (measured in terms of employed persons).
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Leading Indicator
Leading indicator is an economic statistical indicator that changes before or in advance of changes in general economic conditions. It is used to provide meanigful insights for the future directions of economic activity in which its offer early signals or warnings about potential shifts in economic trends.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Leading_indicator
Lagging Indicator
Lagging indicator is an economic statistical indicator that taking place after the changes in general economic conditions. Its kinds of 'after-effects' scenarios that confirm or validate trends that already happened due to economic changes.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Leading_indicator
Minimum Wage
The minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work performed during a given period, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/wages/minimum-wages/definition/WCMS_439072/lang--en/index.htm
Metadata
Metadata refers to data that provides information about other data, e.g. data about details information of jobseekers data such as name,age, address, skills, level of education, and etc.
Misconduct
refers to improper, unethical, or unacceptable behavior, typically in the context of employment or professional settings
Malaysia Standard Classification of Occupations (MASCO)
A national benchmark for the classification of occupations in the employment structure of Malaysia which adopts the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) with changes and modifications to meet the needs of the country. The MASCO is managed and maintained by the Ministry of Human Resources (MoHR).
Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC)
A national benchmark for the classification of all economic activities in Malaysia, adopted from The International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Revision 4,December 2006. The Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) is responsible for overseeing and maintaining the MSIC.
National Occupational Skills Standard (NOSS)
A document that outlining the skills required by a skilled worker in Malaysia for a specific field and level of work, as well as the pathway to attain these skills.
Source: https://www.skillsmalaysia.gov.my/index.php/en/service/noss
National Educational Code (NEC)
A standard code in classifying the training and education field of study used by all education and training in Malaysia which adopts the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 1997, with new revision of ISCED-F 2013.
Outside of Labour Force
All individuals who are not currently employed or actively seeking for jobs, encompassing categories such as housewives, students (including those pursuing further studies), retirees, and disabled persons.
Own account worker
Workers who, working on their own account or with one or more partners, hold the types of jobs defined as "self-employment jobs"" and have not engaged on a continuous basis any employees to work for them. Own account workers are a subcategory of ""self-employed""."
Population
The total number of individuals living in a particular geographic area at a specific point in time, e.g. total number of people live in Malaysia in 2023.
Placement
Refer to candidates including general jobseekers (either graduates or vulnerable jobseekers) and retrenched workers that have been successfully offered jobs through various active labour market programs organised by SOCSO.
Recession
A period of sluggish or negative economic growth, indicated by two consecutive quarters of decreasing GDP.
Source: https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/what-is-a-recession/
Reduced Income Allowance (RIA)
A type of of income replacement for PERKESO Insured Person facing a reduction in one or more, but not all, multiple sources of income.
Return To Work (RTW)
Sustainable Management Program implemented by SOCSO to help injured or recoverable SOCSO contributor to recover and return to work early, healthy and safe. The Return to Work program involves a proactive approach taken in helping Insured Persons with injuries or diseases opportunities to safe and productive work activities as soon as it is medically possible or when maximum medical improvement is achieved with primary focus on minimizing the impact of injuries or disabilities.
Source: https://www.perkeso.gov.my/en/uncategorised/70-return-to-work-programme-rtw.html
Salary
Payments or earnings that are payable to an employee by an employer, either through a formal or informal employment agreement, for work performed or to be performed, or for services provided or to be provided
Social insurance
Expenditure initiatives by the government, financed through taxation, provide protection to individuals against diverse economic risks (such as income loss due to illness or unemployment) and facilitating income stability over the course of their lives.
Source: https://www.core-econ.org/the-economy/book/text/50-02-glossary.html
Saving
Savings refer to the portion of disposable income (adjusted for changes in pension entitlements) that remains unutilised for the purchase of final consumption goods and services.
Source: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cglossary2&menu_id=eWd2VFdIZ2xpdzBmT2Y0a0pweDcwQT09
Stagflation
A situation when sluggish economic growth and unemployment coincide with increasing inflation.
Skill-related underemployment
Individuals possessing tertiary education who are employed in semi-skilled and low-skilled occupations.
Source: https://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/editor/20210209_Views_LMGaps_FINAL4.pdf
Structural change
A sustained transformation in the economic landscape, moving from less productive to more productive activities across various economic sectors over an extended period
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Skills Gap/Mismatch
Refer to the situation when an employee's present skill set does not meet the necessary requirement for the current job role.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/skills/Whatsnew/WCMS_740388/lang--en/index.htm
Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM)
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) skills are abilities typically anticipated from individuals holding a tertiary education degree in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Source: https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/TVETipedia+Glossary/lang=en/filt=all/id=694
Training
Refer to the portion of unemployment benefits provided to eligible Insured Person under the Employment Insurance System 2017.
Source: https://lmx.perkeso.gov.my/visualisation-details/?uuid=418d4c42-1f07-47c9-ac0c-f0ff81ac24f0
Turnover
Turnover refers to movements within the labor force, including overall fluctuations between employment and unemployment, employment and inactivity, and shifts in employment from one job to another.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_142346.pdf
Trade Union
An organization of workers who come together to achieve common goals, such as improving working conditions, wages, and benefits. Its primary purpose is to represent the collective interests and rights of its members in negotiations with employers.
Source: https://www.core-econ.org/the-economy/book/text/50-02-glossary.html
Time-related underemployment
A segment of the population that worked less than 30 hours in the reference week due to the nature of their employment or insufficient work availability, but remained open to accepting additional work hours. Individuals who worked 30 hours or more during the reference week are considered to be fully employed
Tripartite
Consultations involving three parties, such as those between government entities, employers' associations, and trade unions.
Source: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_emp/@emp_policy/documents/publication/wcms_334921.pdf
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
An educational methodology, including formal, non-formal, and informal learning, aimed at empowering young people with the expertise and knowledge essential for employability.
Unemployed
Individuals who are currently not working during the reference week but are actively seeking employment opportunities and available to work.
Unemployment Insurance
A financial support benefits to Insured Persons who have experienced loss of employment (LOE) and facilitate them in securing new employment opportunities
Unemployment rate
The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed, relative to the total labor force population.
Source: https://www.core-econ.org/the-economy/book/text/50-02-glossary.html
Unemployment Trap
Refers to a situation where individuals face disincentives to find employment because the financial assistance or benefits they receive from not working are comparable to or greater than the income they would earn through employment. It measures the percentage of gross earnings lost to taxes when a person becomes employed. This occurs through the loss of unemployment benefits combined with higher tax and social security contributions.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Unemployment_trap
Unpaid Family Workers
These individuals, regardless of whether they work full-time or part-time, are considered as part of the household of any of the establishment owners. They typically perform a specified job and work for at least one third of the normal working hours of the establishment. However, they do not receive regular payment, either in cash or in kind, for the work performed. Instead, they usually receive food, shelter, and other support as part of the household of the owner. These provisions are typically provided regardless of whether they work or not in the establishment.
Upskilling
Targeted short-term training initiatives following initial education or training, focused on improving or refreshing the knowledge and skills obtained from prior training.
Source: https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/TVETipedia+Glossary/lang=en/filt=all/id=462
Vacancies
Refer to vacancies that are posted by employers in MYFutureJobs Portal. Generally, vacancies refer to positions that employers are trying to fill by recruiting people outside their establishments.
Source: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Job_vacancy_rate_(JVR)
Wage
Refer to basic wages, cost-of-living allowances, and other guaranteed and regularly paid allowances in cash or in kind, as well as overtime payment. Nonetheless, it does not cover bonuses and gratuities, family allowances, and employer-provided social security payments.
Wage Subsidy Program
Financial relief provided to employers on a per-employee basis, usually for fixed terms (in months), to assist businesses that are impacted by economic disruptions and avoid layoffs.
Source: https://belanjawan2021.treasury.gov.my/manfaat/index.php/en/wage-sub-prog-en
Working Age Population
All persons aged between 15 to 64 years who are either in the labour force or outside the labour force.
Workplace Support Intervention (WSI)
Focusing on the combination of disability management strategies, job coaching methods, and prevention measures to promote safety and health in the workplace.
Youth unemployment
Youth unemployment refers to the situation where individuals within a specific age group, as defined by United Nation, ages of 15-24, who are actively seeking employment but are unable to secure jobs.
Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET)
Refers to individuals in a specific age group who are not currently engaged in employment, education, or training. In other words, NEET refers to young people who are neither working nor actively pursuing further education or training opportunities, e.g., school dropped out.
Dasar Gaji Progresif
Commitment to reform the labor market with the goal of increasing workers\' wages in line with increased productivity
